What should be done for pre-pregnancy counseling?
Pre-pregnancy counseling (preconception counseling) is the process of evaluating and providing information to optimize a woman’s health and the health of the future baby before conception. This counseling is an important step to ensure the mother-to-be has a healthy pregnancy and delivers a healthy baby. Here’s what needs to be done during the pre-pregnancy counseling process:
- Evaluation of Medical History
- Chronic Diseases: If the woman has chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, thyroid disorders, or epilepsy, it is assessed whether these conditions are under control.
- Family History: Information about genetic diseases and conditions commonly found in the family is collected.
- Previous Pregnancies: Past pregnancy conditions such as miscarriages, preterm births, and birth defects are reviewed.
- Nutrition and Vitamin Supplements
- Folic Acid: Starting folic acid supplements before pregnancy helps prevent birth defects like neural tube defects. Usually, 400-800 micrograms of folic acid per day is recommended.
- Other Vitamins and Minerals: Supplements like iron, calcium, and vitamin D may also be necessary. A balanced diet should be maintained.
- Review of Immunization Status
- Vaccines: Infections such as rubella, varicella (chickenpox), and hepatitis B can pose serious risks during pregnancy. Therefore, the woman’s vaccination history is reviewed, and necessary vaccinations are given.
- Lifestyle and Habits Review
- Smoking, Alcohol, and Drug Use: These substances should be discontinued. Smoking increases the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, and birth defects.
- Nutrition and Exercise: A balanced diet and regular exercise are recommended to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
- Stress Management: Support is provided to reduce stress and maintain mental well-being.
- Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
- Tests: Screening for sexually transmitted infections and providing the necessary treatments is recommended. This is important for both maternal and fetal health.
- Genetic Counseling
- Genetic Tests: If there is a family history of genetic disorders, genetic counseling may be sought, and genetic tests may be conducted if necessary.
- Psychosocial Evaluation
- Mental Health: The mother’s psychological state and mental health are evaluated. Treatment may be necessary for conditions such as depression or anxiety.
- Support Systems: Factors such as family support and social support networks are considered.
- Assessment of Toxin Exposure
- Environmental Toxins: Exposure to harmful substances like chemicals or radiation at work or home should be evaluated and minimized.
- Review of Birth Control Methods
- Pregnancy Planning: The couple should review their current birth control methods before planning a pregnancy and discontinue them at the appropriate time.
- Medical Checkups and Tests
- Laboratory Tests: Tests such as complete blood count, blood sugar, and thyroid function tests may be conducted.
- Physical Examination: A general health checkup is performed to assess the woman’s overall health condition.
Pre-pregnancy counseling is a critical process aimed at optimizing the health of both the mother-to-be and the baby before a planned pregnancy. During this counseling process, gynecologists provide guidance to the prospective mother, helping ensure a healthy pregnancy.